Directions: You are a sage and you will teach your classmates a part of ancient India's history. The four parts (groups) are...
Group 1: The Mauryan Empire (page 162-163, 166)
Group 2: The Gupta Empire (page 164-165)
Group 3: Indian Achievements- Religious Art & Sanskrit Literature (page 167-169)
Group 4: Indian Achievements- Scientific Advances (page 170-171)
Each part has (or might have) pictures, illustrations, maps, dates, vocabulary words, and important people. Your job as a sage is to become an expert on your part so you will be able to comfortably and confidently teach others. Remember that if you don't understand the information, you won't be able to teach others properly. Follow these steps to become a great sage:
Steps
Read all the information on the pages you are responsible for. Don't just read the main parts, look at the other information such as maps or diagrams or pictures.
Take notes in your notebook and answer the Reading Check question after each section to make sure you understand the information. You also have to answer the questions about your section from page 176 (section 4 or 5).
Decide how you are going to present the information to your students. Will you just talk about the information (this can be boring) or will you use visuals or give a slideshow presentation (this can be more interesting)? Remember that your students have not read the information and are counting on you to teach them in an interesting and educational way.
How will you check if your students understood the information? Will you make up questions to ask them? What else will you do? Will you ask your students to create something that shows their understanding? Think about how you are taught at school and the activities you do in your classes.
Your students must do the work you give them and they must do the following:
add at least three important events to their timelines (you choose the events)
After completing yourUnderstanding How Ashoka's Edicts Helped Unify India sheet answer the following comprehension questions:
1. What are the main ideas expressed in Ashoka's edicts? -The main ideas expressed in Ashoka's edicts is about how people should act and that people should all be treated equally.
2. What are some of the ways in which Ashoka's leadership promoted unity in India? -He made laws for the people to follow and there was always a punishment for those who did the wrong thing.
3. In what ways did Ashoka's Buddhist beliefs contribute to the unification of India? -He didn't make his people go through such bloody wars. Also, he wrote on his edicts for the people to act morally and responsibly toward one another.
4. In addition to the edicts, what else might have contributed to the unification of India during this time period? -Besides the edicts, the religion has unified India.
5. Explain how one of the edicts you examined could be categorized another way
(i.e. instead of Buddhist Values it could also concern Justice) -One of the edicts could be put into Buddhist Values instead of security because it talks what Ashoka's desire is. His desire is that he wants to keep his people safe or at least feel safe.
Use the website above and what you have learned in class so far to answer these questions about the early Indus River Governments.
1. Why would having a central government help in planning and organizing a city?
A: A central government would help in planning and organizing a city because there is someone that can make changes and control. If there was no central government, then everyone would be fighting and it would only bring chaos. Also, just the regular citizens can help out by suggesting ideas so that they can plan and organize a city more better.
2. Who were Rajahs?
A: The Rajahs were the rulers of the cities.
3. What is a Guru?
A: A Guru is a type of teacher.
4. What subjects were taught in school?
A: The subjects that were taught in school was religious nature. That included government and religion.
5. Who was in charge of the government?
A: The Indus priests were in charge of the government.
6. Why did people look up to the priests?
A: The people look up to the priests because they are the highest from the social levels and give offerings to the Gods. Assignment 4-1 Source: IndiaSubcontinentMapTrans.jpg
Directions: Look at the map above, read the text below, and answer the following questions on your wiki page:
In the 1990's, satellite pictures revealed an ancient, dried riverbed located in India's present-day Thar Desert. Geologists have identified this riverbed as the route of the ancient Sarasvati River. The Sarasvati lay east of the Indus River and generally followed the same course, originating in the Himalaya mountains and emptying into the Arabian Sea. Geologists believe that the Sarasvati River dried up around 1900 B.C.E. Over time, the once fertile area around the Sarasvati River dried up around 1900 B.C.E. Over time, the once fertile area around the Sarasvati evolved into the dry, hot desert that exists today.
Early Indian agricultural settlements arose in the Indus-Sarasvati river region at least as far back as 6500 B.C.E. Like many other ancient peoples, the early Indians settled by rivers. They settled primarily on the banks of the Sarasvati River as well as along the banks of the Indus River. These rivers provided the ancient Indians with plenty of water, and the land near the rivers was fertile and excellent for growing crops. The rivers also provided the Indians with a convenient way to travel and trade among themselves and with other civilizations. Archeologists have found artifacts from the Indus-Sarasvati civilization - such as carved seals - in Mesopotamia's Sumer. These discoveries have led scholars to believe that the early Indians traded with Mesopotamia, possibly by traveling in ships down the Indus and Sarasvati rivers to the Arabian Sea and then west to Sumer and other locations.
After the Sarasvati River dried up around 1900 B.C.E., the Indus-Sarasvati Indians moved to more habitable areas, such as the fertile banks of the Ganga river further east. Archeological evidence shows, however, that people settled by the Ganga River as far back as 5000 B.C.E.
Questions:
1. In what ways is your map similar to the one that you see in the map above?
A: Firstly and mainly, the Hindu Kush Mountains, Himalayas, Deccan Plateau, Thar Desert, Western Ghats, Eastern Ghats, Bay of Bengal, Indian Ocean, Arabian Sea, Brahmaputra River, Indus River, and Ganga River are included on both maps.
2. What physiographic features can you identify on this map that are not on your map?
A: On this map, there are a lot more rivers in the Indian subcontinent. Also, there are a lot more mountains than we have on our maps. Another physiographic feature that is on the map are the settlements of people. We did not include that even though we talked about it.
3. Why do you think settlements developed along the Indus and Sarasvati rivers? Explain with clear and complete details.
A: I think that settlements developed along the Indus and Sarasvati Rivers because they have very fertile land which is helpful for farming. Also, if you settle by rivers, you have great access to trade. You can just flow down the river and into the ocean where you can choose where to go. Another reason I think settlements developed along those rivers is that you have abundant water. Water is very important to your body.
4. Accurately draw and label the ancient Sarasvati River on your map.
5. Why did ancient Indian people eventually migrate to the Ganga River?A: Ancient Indian people eventually migrated to the Ganga River because the Sarasvati River dried up. They used the river to travel down with ships to the Arabian Sea and west to Sumer and other locations. Therefore, they moved to places that were more habitable such as the fertile banks of the Ganga River. Assignment 4-2 Website: Indus Valley Use the website above to answer these questions. Write your answers in complete sentences with clear details on your wiki page.
1. What was discovered during the excavations of Mohenjo-Daro?
-A big mound with discovered buildings also known as the Citadel, Lower town which had buildings and streets as if planned, and First street which seemed to be the longest and widest street.
2. How is Mohenjo-Daro similar to our cities today?
-Mohenjo-Daro is similar to our cities today because they use bricks to build houses. Even though we don't use mud for bricks anymore both cities used bricks to build houses. Also, they lived in houses like we do today. They also had windows and doors and drains to take away the dirty, used water. There was both small and large houses. In Mohenjo-Daro, there were wells like some places still do. Drains were also found in Mohenjo-Daro. Drains are found in all over the world nowadays. There were even people who worked to unclog the drains.
3. What can we learn from archaeological discoveries (such as artifacts and city construction) in Mohenjo-Daro?
-We can learn that they were extremely advanced compared to other places at that time. There were people with different jobs. Some were craft makers. They made crafts such as jewelry which included necklaces. Those necklaces were made from stone beads. Gold was very valuable then. Another thing in Mohenjo-Daro was that people wrote lot of their impressions on seals. People made models from terracotta which was cheap and plentiful. Children played with the small models. In Mohenjo-Daro they used weights made from carved stone. They used the smallest weights for precious goods like gold or beads and the largest weights for sacks of grain. Figurines are usually made from terracotta which is clay.
4. Give clear and specific information about how people lived in Mohenjo-Daro. In your answer, you have to talk about the artifacts that you discovered and put into the museum.
-I think the rich people lived much more happier than the poor people because they had jewelry, games, figurines for decoration, and etc. but the poor people cannot afford all those. From what they earn as a profit is only able to feed their family or maybe slightly more.
5. What do we know about the Priest-King?
-He is a sculpture that we think was a ruler that may have been an important man or priest. There are gold headbands with a circular ornament in the middle. One is wrapped around his forehead and another is wrapped around his arm. The sculpture's eyes have been deeply carved into the stone. The archaeologists think there might have been carved shells set into them.
6. What was the Great Bath and how was it used?
-The Great Bath was a rectangular public bathing pool built with waterproofed bricks. It was surrounded with lots of dressing rooms. There was a 6-foot drain for the used water to be removed. The Great Bath was also used for hygienic purposes and (as archaeologists think) religious rituals. Assignment 4-3 Source:
external image pdf.png
Archeologists Ideas Mohenjo-Daro.pdf
Think about the activity we did in class as archeologists in Mohenjo-Daro. Using the source above, your ideas, and the notes you took about archeologists ideas, answer the following questions clearly and completely on your wiki page. Each answer should be at least two sentences long with specific information.
1. What have you learned about daily life in Mohenjo-Daro from this activity?
A: I learned that the daily life in Mohenjo-Daro was was very advanced. The house were lined in a very organized way, they used weights for trading and selling goods, played games, wrote on seals, wore colorful jewelry, had a well for their drinking water, a public bathing pool, and probably domesticated animals.
2. Which characteristics of civilization do you see represented in the artifacts you looked at? Explain.
A: The characteristics I see represented in the artifacts is a stable food supply, people performing different jobs, a highly developed culture, and a religious system. From the artifacts, I know they have a stable food supply because they farmed. Those farm goods were believed that they were transported to the city market to be sold. In Mohenjo-Daro, people performed different jobs. There were people who made jewelry, constructed, merchandised, traded, and etc. Also, Mohenjo-Daro had a highly developed culture. They were very advanced in art, architecture, writing and etc. Lastly, there was a religious system. We could tell because sometimes the Great Bath was used for religious rituals. Not just that but some seals were written for the Gods.
3. In what ways do you think Mohenjo-Daro was like a modern city?
A: Mohenjo-Daro was like a modern city in many ways. First of all, it was believed that they had domesticated animals. Not just that, but they also farmed. With the food they produced, they bring those to the city market and start selling. The people also used weights and scales to measure their goods before selling. Lots of people had different jobs such as making jewelry and selling trade goods with other regions. The houses were very well lined up and because they were, the streets were right angled and organized.
4. Why do you think it is difficult for us to know exactly what life was like in ancient civilizations like those in the Indus-Sarasvati region?
A: I think it is difficult for us to know exactly what life was like because of the language. Since we aren't 100% sure of it, we can't identify some information that has been found and understand their life back then.
5. What do you think might have contributed to the decline of Mohenjo-Daro?
A: I think invaders might have contributed to the decline of Mohenjo-Daro. Besides that, maybe some natural disasters might have contributed to the decline.
ArtistsRenditionMohenjoDaro.jpg
1. What have you learned about daily life in Mohenjo-Daro from this activity?
-I learned that in Mohenjo-Daro, poor people usually spent most of their time laboring to feed their family. The middle-class, such as the traders and merchandisers, would've spent most of their time going out to trade. Even though they had more money than the lower-class, it wasn't the best. In the high-class, people would've mostly spent their time buying and trying on jewelry. Also, they could just have fun by playing some games. 2. Which aspects of daily life do you see represented in the picture that the artist drew?
-In the picture, I could see people trading, laboring, and merchandising on the streets. 3. In what ways do you think Mohenjo-Daro was like a modern city?
-The architecture, such as houses, were modernized along with drains, streets, and wells. The city was well organized with lined two-story houses with windows which had screens on them. The houses also had indoor bathrooms drained into the main sewer system. 4. Why do you think it is difficult for us to know exactly what life was like in ancient civilizations like those in the Indus-Sarasvati region?
-It is difficult for us to know exactly because we haven't yet learned how to read their language. Therefore, we cannot really understand their life back then. 5. What do you think might have contributed to the decline of Mohenjo-Daro?
-I think that the city of Mohenjo-Daro ended because of invaders destroying it. It was whether that or some harsh natural disasters such as floods, earthquakes, and etc.
Assignment 3-8
Now that we are finished with the ancient Egypt unit, I would like you to reflect on what you have learned about ancient Egypt. Please complete these sentences clearly and with specific details. Write the answers on your wiki page. If you need reminders of what we did, just scroll through the assignments on this page or look through your notes.
1. The single most important thing I learned was...
One most important thing I learned was about the Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms along with the Pharaohs who ruled at those times.
2. Something that confused me or that I didn't understand was...
I didn't really understand why pharaohs would marry their own sister or brother.
3. What surprised me the most was...
The thing that surprised me the most was that Ramesses the Great had lived into his eighties and had more than 100 wives/children.
4. I would like to know more about...
I would like to know more about
5. The part that I think I will always remember was...
I think I will always remember the pharaohs and the importance of them. Such as Hatshepsut <one of the few woman rulers>, Akhenaten <the ruler who only worshiped Aten>, Djoser <the pharaoh who built the first step pyramid>, and etc.
Assignment 3-5
Read the information here about the three kingdoms in ancient Egypt. The problem with these three paragraphs is that each paragraph does not have specific details or evidence. Your task is to find specific details and evidence from our textbook for the information presented in each paragraph about each kingdom. Then re-write the paragraph adding the new specific details and evidence you found. Write the new paragraph on your wiki page. Grade each paragraph for quality:
4=outstanding work, detailed, correct and above the call of duty
3=very good work, completes assignment, is above average
2=completes assignment correctly, average work
1=does not complete assignment, needs work
0=does not follow directions, assignment missing
Part 1 The Old Kingdom (2700 BCE - 2200 BCE)
Specific details and evidence about this kingdom can be found on pages 98-100 in our textbook.
Your specific details and evidence should give more information about...
Pyramids (definition, examples, construction details)
Workers
Importance of the pyramids
ORIGINAL PARAGRAPHS: The Old Kingdom (2700 BCE-2200 BCE): Pharaohs had absolute power and were considered gods on earth. But that's not why this kingdom is nicknamed "The Pyramid Age". Pharaohs were buried in pyramids only during this time period in history. After building a few pyramids, at great expense to the state, it occurred to pharaohs that pyramids were rather easy to spot, and thus, much easier to rob than a hidden tomb. Things changed during the middle kingdom.MY PARAGRAPH:
Pharaohs were an extremely important part of Egyptian history. They didn't just rule as kings, but as gods also. The Old Kingdom was the only time period that the pharaohs were buried in the pyramids. That's why it was called the Pyramid Age. A pyramid is just a large, stone tomb that has four sides shaped like a triangle and meet at the top. One extraordinary pyramid was The Pyramid of Khufu. It is the largest pyramid ever made. It covers over 13 acres and is 481 feet high. In whether to make this, it took thousands of workers an extreme amount of limestone blocks. For each pyramid to be made, thousands of people had to work for decades on the same project. The workers that built those kind of projects were given goods as their "money". The pyramids were very important and were not made just for anyone. The pharaoh's pyramid symbolized them going on their journey to the afterlife. The pharaoh's spirit had to be good and peaceful in whether for every one else the have a wonderful afterlife. (3)
Part 2 The Middle Kingdom (2100 BCE - 1800 BCE)
Specific details and evidence about this kingdom can be found on pages 101-102 in our textbook.
Your specific details and evidence should give more information about...
the difference with the Old Kingdom
what life was like during this time
wars or battles and who was involved
ORIGINAL PARAGRAPH: The Middle Kingdom (2100 BCE-1800 BCE): The middle kingdom was Egypt's Golden Age. Trade flourished, arts and literature flourished. Egypt built strong armies to defend herself against her neighbors. During the time period of the middle kingdom, pharaohs were expected to be good kings and wise rulers. And pharaohs were buried in hidden tombs, all over the place. Most probably, there are tombs yet to be discovered because they were hidden so well.MY PARAGRAPH:
Between the Old Kingdom and the Middle Kingdom, there were huge differences. First of all, in the Middle Kingdom, trade, art, literature, and armies all improved a lot. By this time, Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt were united as one. The pharaohs couldn't collect enough taxes for the pyramids. Also, the people became wiser and hid the pharaoh's tombs very carefully. Therefore, it is even hard for the people nowadays to search for them. Near the end of the Middle Kingdom, things started to fall apart. As in, the Hyksos started trying to conquer over Egypt. They actually won and ruled Lower Egypt for a while. But then the Egyptians fought them and won. Therefore, Lower Egypt were in the hands of the Egyptians again. While they were in the hands of the Egyptians, Ahmose was the one who ruled. (3)
Part 3 The New Kingdom (1500 BCE - 1000 BCE)
Specific details and evidence about this kingdom can be found on pages 101-102 in our textbook.
Your specific details and evidence should give more information about...
the causes of the growth of trade
what life was like in an empire
wars or battles (invasions) and who was involved
ORIGINAL PARAGRAPH: The New Kingdom (1500 BCE-1000 BCE): The new kingdom was Egypt's expansion period. Egypt expanded her borders through military conquest and became a world power. During the time period of the new kingdom, pharaohs were all powerful, and pharaohs were all buried in the same geographic area called the Valley of the Kings. MY PARAGRAPH:
The New Kingdom was when Egypt was at its most powerful and glory point. After the war with the Hyksos, they were worried something like that would happen again. Therefore, the leaders of Egypt had made it into an empire. After they did that, they went and started conquering other empires. The empires they conquered were the Hyksos, Syria, the whole eastern shore of the Mediterranean, Kush, and all of southern Egypt. Because of the military conquests, the Egyptian pharaoh was very rich. He was sent gold, leopard skins, precious stones, and etc. Also, the other kings sent him very special gifts for their relation to be better. Also, because of the conquests, the trades were extremely better since they were closer with the other empires. The trade routes they used to go trade were developed and were much better than before. Later, when the King Ramses ruled, there were huge and violent wars that went on with the Hittites. As soon as the pharaoh died, everything started falling apart. They lost once, but won them little later. But later, it finally came to a real end. Egypt couldn't fight them anymore. (3)
Assignment 3-4
Part 1: Go to this site and read about the different Egyptian gods and goddesses. Choose one of these that you would like to be and explain why you would like to be that god or goddess. Then choose one that you would not want to be and explain why. Make sure your explanations are middle school quality explanations. Part 2: Compare these Egyptian gods and goddesses with the Mesopotamian gods and goddesses. Did you find similar gods? Name the gods/goddesses and clearly explain the similarities? Why do you think they are similar even though Egypt and the Mesopotamian civilizations were different?
Part 1: I would like to be Bastet, the goddess of protection because people would look up to me to be safe. If they went through something safely, they would thank me and bless me. It would be good to be praised. The one I would not like to be is Anubis. Why?? It's because he embalms the dead. Which is the process of mummification. You have to smash up the brain and take it out of the nose. Also, you have to take out all of the moisture out and etc. It is sort of gross to be the one who is doing the process on someone.
Part 2: Two similar gods were Horus and Anu. They are both the gods of the sky. They didn't have much similarities though... The only similarity was that they were both the sky gods. Because Horus was the protector of Egypt's ruler and Anu was the supreme ruler of all the gods. I think they were similar in ways because MAYBE the lands were close together. Therefore, Egypt and Mesopotamia were kind of close and shared some similarities which included their religion. Those kind of religions have to have a sky god (Horus & Anu), sun god, and etc.
Source:How to Mummify Nefermaat Directions: Go to the link above to mummify a body. As you work to mummify the body, answer the following questions clearly and with details on your wiki page.
What are amulets and how were they used? Give two examples of amulets that were used and explain why they were used.
What happens to the body after it was mummified?
They wanted to preserve the dead bodies so that the soul could recognize it.
They preserved it by drying out the body and wrapping it around with protective bandages. The preservation was called mummification.
The brain was first smashed into pieces with a metal hook. The hook goes through the body's nose to do that. After smashing it up, they take it all out. The brain was removed because the people believed that it wasn't very important.
The four internal organs that were removed were the intestines, stomach, liver, and the lungs. These organs were placed in canopic jars and went in the tomb with the pharaoh's body.
They just leave the heart because they believed that it was the center of intelligence, emotions, and feelings.
Natron was salt that absorbed moisture. They used it to dry out the body.
Linen was used to make the pharaoh's body look plump and not too thin.
Amulets are protecting charms and were placed over the wrapped body. One example of an amulet that was used was the Heart Amulet. It was used to protect the heart in the afterlife. Another example was the Udjat which was place over the lower abdomen and represented good health.
After the body was mummified, a mask was placed over the head. Next, the body was placed in a case and was then moved into a sarcophagus.
Assignment 3-2
Source: Pages 93 & 94 in your online textbook and refer to your river boat tour notes Directions: Answer the following questions clearly and with details on your wiki page.
1. Read the If YOU were there section. How do you feel about working for the pharaoh?
2. Eventually the Third Dynasty began in ancient Egypt. The Third Dynasty was the beginning of what historians call ............. . When did it start and end?
3. Explain how ancient Egyptians felt about their country and their pharaoh.
4. What were the responsibilities of the pharaoh?
5. What is best known about the famous pharaoh, Khufu? Can you name a specific monument built for him?
6.a Clearly explain the structure of society in the Old Kingdom. (Note: This should be a long answer.)
6.b. What may be some advantages and disadvantages of such a large segment of the population being farmers, servants, and slaves?
6.c. What did farmers do during flood season?
7. Clearly explain trading in ancient Egypt (what was traded and who they traded with).
8. Define the word acquire. Use acquire in an original sentence.
9. Using the drawing of Egyptian society on page 94, explain where Viziers would be placed?
I would be extremely tired. Also, I would try my hardest because if I mess up, then the pharaoh's afterlife wouldn't be happy. Therefore, I will have bad luck.
The Third Dynasty was the beginning of what historians call the Old Kingdom. It started in 2700 BCE 2200 BCE.
The Egyptians felt like the pharaoh was their god. Therefore, they believed in him for good crops and everything. If something went wrong, they would blame it all on him.
Pharaohs were both king and god. Therefore, they had to bring his/her people healthiness, good crops, no wars, good trades, and etc.
Khufu was best known for his monuments. A specific monument built for him was the Great Pyramid.
(a) The pharaoh had the highest position and had the responsibility of his people. He ruled as king and god. Then, there were the nobles which were priests and officials to help run the temples and government of the empire. After that, there were the scribes and craftspeople. The scribes wrote and recorded on tablets and the craftspeople made fine goods. Last but not least, there were the farmers, servants, and slaves. These were the lowest position but yet the largest group. The lower the position, the bigger the group. The higher the position, the less.
6. (b) An advantage could be that there are a lot of them so that they don't have to do all of the work. A disadvantage is that they are not known, can't learn, and is less likely to get a promotion even though they work EXTREMELY hard and do well.
6. (c) The farmers worked on the pharaoh's building projects when the flood season comes.
7. Egypt went to Nubia to trade for their gold, copper, ivory, slaves and stone. They also went to Syria to trade for their wood.
8. acquire-to get sen: I tried to go to my grandma's house in whether to acquire the recipe for pecan pie.
9. The viziers would be placed right below the pharaoh because he/she advises the pharaoh.
Assignment 3-1
Sources:
Carefully read your online textbook pages 88 and 89.(Note: Make sure you scroll down on page 89 to see more information.)
Use the map above, the maps in the Egypt Resources wiki page, or your Scribble Map search function
Directions:
Your task is to label a map of the Nile River and ancient Egypt on your current Scribble Map. You must mark, label, or represent famous sites, cities, and other objects. Label everything carefully. (Note: Mark means use a marker, label means use a text label, represent means draw a symbol to show the item.)
You must also provide an image and a description for some of the labels. Each description must be at least three sentences long and must be clear, detailed, and specific. Your description should give us clear information to help us understand the item or place and why it was so important for ancient Egyptians.
1. Represent and label the Nile’s Sixth Cataract to the First Cataract.
2. Label the Red Sea.
3. Represent three mines and three quarries. Provide an image and a description for each mine and quarry.
4. Represent and label these historic sites: the Valley of the Kings, the Great Pyramid of Khufu, the Sphinx, Abu Simbel, the Pharos (lighthouse in the port of Alexandria), the Bahriya Oasis and the Farafra oasis (include palm trees). Provide an image and a description for each historic site.
5. Mark these cities: Abydos, Thebes, Giza, Hermopolis, Memphis, Bubastis, Rosetta, Alexandria, Meroe, Khartoum, and Elephantine
6. Label these geographical features: the Western Desert, the Eastern Desert, the Nile Delta (include animals found here), the Sinai Peninsula, the Wadi el-Natrun, the Mediterranean Sea, the Gulf of Suez, the Nubian Desert. Include animals of the desert. Provide an image and a description for each geographical feature.
7. Label Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt.
Assignment 2-8
Source: Read pages 76 and 77 in your online textbook Directions: Review Pages 76-77 and choose one of the groups below. Research the group you have chosen (two links are provided for each already) and complete The Characteristics of Civilization Chart for the civilization you have chosen. Write clear and detailed answers in the chart, on your wiki page.
Characteristics of Civilization
Civilization Name:
Six Characteristics of Civilization
Evidence for Characteristic
Explanation
A system of government that directs and controls some actions of the members of the society.
The Assyrian king ruled his city/empire.
The king always makes orders to his people.
A regular food supply that is not likely to suddenly change.
There are plenty of farmers that make food for the empire.
Many people had the job of a farmer in those days.
Specialization of labor, in which members of the society perform different jobs.
There are smithies, traders, medicine men, and etc.
People practiced their own skill so it could be useful for the other people around them.
Different social levels, in which some members of the society are given higher status than others.
There were kings and there were slaves.
The kings had more power than just normal people.
A highly developed culture including art, architecture, music, literature, science, and writing.
The Assyrian army had lots of strength and are very much organized.
They have conquered lots of other cities and they know what each and every one of them has to do.
A religious system, which might include priests and temples.
People believed in many ancient gods.
People used to always asked the gods for wonderful blessings for themselves, family, business, and etc.
Was it difficult to find evidence for the culture you picked? Why or why not?
It was sort of difficult to find evidence for the culture I picked because some I found very quickly but some took some time.
Source: Read pages 74 and 75 in your online textbook Directions: Read the questions/directions carefully and write clear and detailed answers on your wiki page.
1. Read the "If you were there..." section on page 74. How will you advise the King?
2. What happened to Ur by 2000 BCE?
3. Where was Babylon located?
4. Who became the king of Babylon? When did he become king?
5. What is a monarch?
6. After conquering all of Mesopotamia, what did Hammurabi call his empire?
7. Hammurabi was a great warrior and leader. What other skills did he have?
8. What is Hammurabi's Code? What areas of daily life did the code cover?
9. Give two reasons why Hammurabi's Code was important.
10. What eventually happened to the Babylonian Empire? How is this similar to what happened to the Akkadian Empire?
11. Read the different laws in the Code of Hammurabi on this site and choose three that you think are interesting. Copy the three laws and their numbers onto your page. Then for each law, explain why you think it's interesting. You can write about if you disagree or agree with the law or if you think the law is a good law or a cruel law.
I would advise the King by telling him that the nobles and common people should be punished equally because nobles could do the exact same thing as the common people but just because of their position, they cannot get a nicer punishment. That is just not fair for the people. People are people. Just because they are born with the power, doesn't mean that they could get away with a murder or such thing.
By 2000 BCE, Ur disappeared. It lay in its ruins.
Babylon is located on the Euphrates River. It is near what is today Baghdad, Iraq.
Hammurabi became the king of Babylon. He became the king in 1792 BCE.
A monarch is a ruler of a kingdom or empire.
After conquering all of Mesopotamia, Hammurabi called his empire the Babylonian Empire.
He improved the tax collection system and oversaw the irrigation projects along with many building projects. But the skill that he is most known for is code of laws.
Hammurabi's Code was a set of 282 laws that covered most of the people's daily lives. The code covered trade, loans, theft, marriage, injury, and murder.
Two reasons why Hammurabi's Code was important was because it was thorough and was written for everybody to see.
Eventually, the Babylonian Empire was invaded my other kings. It is similar to what happened to the Akkadian Empire because this all happened after the king dies. The invaders are the kings that were invaded by the Akkadian and the Babylonian Empires in the first place.
#262: If any one, a cow or a sheep . . . -I chose this one because I didn't really understand what it is saying. In my opinion, it is whether actually written like this or there has been some kind of mistake.
#147: If she have not borne him children, then her mistress may sell her for money. -I chose this one because I thought it was kind of cruel. How could you sell a woman for money just because they couldn't have a baby!! I mean, how is this possible!!
#282: If a slave say to his master: "You are not my master," if they convict him his master shall cut off his ear. -I chose this one because I think this law is also sort of cruel. Even though the slave could say such thing, I think it would have gone a little bit too far if the master should cut off the ear of his slave.
Assignment 2-6
After playing the Trader's Circuit, answer the following questions in complete sentences on your page. You can copy and paste these questions into your page. Then copy and paste your questions and answers onto your discussion tab. Then go to the discussion tabs of at least three other classmates and make good quality middle school comments about your classmates answers to the questions about the Trader's Circuit game. You can make comments to your classmates like if you agree or disagree or comments about how good their answers and ideas are. Trader's Circuit questions 1. What part of the game did you like the best? Why? 2. During the game, how did you feel and why did you feel that way? 3. What part of the game was difficult for you? 4. In your opinion, what advantage is there to having a monopoly of an entire product/resource such as dates or jewelry? 5. What part of the game would you change if you played it again? Why? 6. In this game, was it better to cooperate with another player or to be selfish and try to get all the products/resources for yourself? Why?
I liked how we could discuss and trade like an actual marketplace. It's because we could like make up our minds and agree or disagree on such things.
I felt very excited during the game because I was waiting anticipated, to get a monopoly.
It was difficult for me when the near the end approached. It was because I had all of the metal work cards except for one!! I absolutely had no other cards except for those. Therefore, I couldn't trade that person anything because if we do, we'd receive the same cards anyway.
In my opinion, I think the advantage is that if you are the only one selling the certain products/resources, the people could only come to you. Also, you can higher the price and they would have to still buy it since there are no one else who sells that particular product/resource.
I think it would be better if after every marketplace has at least one monopoly, they should go to other marketplaces to conquer the only product/resource. I think it would be better because it is a huge challenge to accomplish.
It was better to cooperate with another partner because if you try to be selfish other people wouldn't want to trade with you. They wouldn't want to trade with a person who would want everything for him or herself only.
I think it is better to be selfish in the traders circuit, because if you are alone you don't have to share.
- callum
Assignment 2-5
Use your online textbook pages 63 & 64 to answer these questions clearly and with details on your wiki page. Make sure to look through the whole page in your textbook and the links for the vocabulary when answering some of the questions.
Where did the Akkadians live?
What was their relationship with the Sumerians like before the 2300s B.C.E.?
Who was Sargon and what did he do?
What did Sargon establish?
Define 'empire'.
Explain two examples why Sargon is considered a great leader.
How long did Sargon rule his empire?
What eventually happened to the Akkadian Empire?
Who eventually became the most powerful civilization in Mesopotamia again?
Using the picture of the City-State of Ur, what can you see in the picture that shows Ur was an advanced city?
The Akkadians lived just north of Sumer.
Their relationship with the Sumerians was very good. It was even better because they had differences.
Sargon was a baby that a gardener had found in a river. Later he became an Akkadian emperor and was the first one to have a permanent army. He soughed for more land of the Akkadian territory. He also built a new capital called Akkad on the Euphrates River. Sargon made lots of wars against his neighboring kingdoms.
He established the first empire, a permanent army, and a new capital called Akkad.
An empire is land with different territories but have people under one rule.
Sargon is considered a great leader because for one reason, when he died, the later rulers couldn't protect the empire safe from invaders. Therefore, Ur conquered over. Another reason why he is a great leader is that he was the first ruler to have a permanent army. It's not easy to be the first one to have such a challenge done. Also, he had loyalty from his soldiers.
Sargon ruled his empire for more than fifty years.
Eventually the Akkadian Empire, got invaded from hostile tribes. Akkad was captured, also.
Ur eventually became the most powerful civilization in Mesopotamia.
The massive walls show that Ur was an advanced city. Also, there are reservoirs that people made for their boats and other things. In between the city, there is a canal for foreigners with boats to trade.
Assignment 2-4 Using The Six Characteristics of a Civilization (see below), answer the following questions clearly and with details on your wiki page.
1. Is Korea/ the U.S. a civilization according to the six characteristics explained in class? Provide one example from Korea/the U.S. for each characteristic.
Korea is a civilization according to most of the characteristics explained in class. An example for #1 is that there is a government in Korea which is also called the Blue/Green House. There is also a president, vice president, secretary, and so on. An example for #2 is that people already got used to agriculture and people also got used to the weather. The weather most likely won't suddenly turn snowy in the middle of summer or anything. An example for #3 is that everybody in Korea has different jobs. That's why we are living fine until now. There are people who have jobs such as polices, firefighters, doctors, teachers, chefs, and so on. Everyone of these people build up our civilization. An example for #4 is that there are presidents and then just citizens. There are also different levels between citizens also. Such as doctors are higher than farmers. Also, people who drive Mercedez have higher social level than people who drive a Honda. An example for #5 is that lots of stuff right now are always being developed to higher levels. Some like technology for example. #6 is not part of Korea. Even though some people are religious, it is not required.
2. Does a civilization, in your opinion, need to have all of the characteristics mentioned? Why or why not?
In my opinion, all of the characteristics don't have to be mentioned. Why? It's because people can have their own beliefs. You do what you want to. It is not right to believe in a religion just because you have to.
The Six Characteristics of a Civilization:
1. A system of government that directs and controls some actions of the members of the society.
2. A regular food supply that is not likely to suddenly change.
3. Specialization of labor, in which members of the society perform different jobs.
4. Different social levels, in which some members of the society are given higher status than others.
5. A highly developed culture including art, architecture, music, literature, science, and writing.
6. A religious system, which might include priests and temples. Assignment 2-3
Please read pages 56-59 from your online textbook and answer these questions clearly and in complete sentences on your wiki page.
1. How did the Fertile Crescent get its name?
2. What was the most important factor in making Mesopotamia's farmland fertile?
3. In what ways did a Division of Labor contribute to the growth of Mesopotamiam civilization?
4. How might running large projects like the maintaining a large and complex irrigation system prepare people for running a government?
Fertile Crescent got its name because the land was very fertile and looks like the shape of a crescent.
The most important factor was the river and the irrigation system.
Division of Labor contributed to the growth of Mesopotamiam civilization by letting them have a new job.
Running large projects can prepare people for running a government because both take a lot of effort. People all have to work together to get the work done. It's not like just one person can do all.
Assignment 2-2
Answer the following questions and define the vocabulary (if any) clearly and with details on your wiki page. Use the links above from the In Class Activity 2-1 called Event C:Building and Maintaining a Complex Irrigation System & Event D: Attacks by Neighboring Communities to help you answer the questions.
Event C: Building and Maintaining a Complex Irrigation System
1. What was the first simple method farmers used to get water to their fields from the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers?
2. How did farmers prevent flooding?
3. Over time, carrying buckets of water to the fields was too difficult. Please clearly explain how levees, canals, dams, and reservoirs were used to make life easier for farmers?
4. Which word means an extra supply of something such as food?
5. What could happen if one canal was clogged?
6. How did different villages take care of the complex irrigation system?
The first simple method farmers used to get water to their fields was just taking a bucket and bringing it back with water.
Farmers prevented flooding by making levees.
Levees helped prevent flooding. If the land was dry, they would poke holes in it, and the water would flow unto the dry land. People made canals to control where the flow of water was heading. Dams blocked water at some places and reservoirs helped store water.
Surplus means extra supply of something such as food.
If one of the canal was clogged, the whole entire irrigation system wouldn't work because the canals are all connected to each other.
Event D: Attacks by Neighboring Communities
1. How did Mesopotamian villages help each other?
2. How were people, who lived very far apart, connected to each other?
3. What did many villages grow into?
4. What do we call the region in Mesopotamia that had many growing cities and towns? What are the people called that come from this region?
5. How could one city stop the water from reaching another city?
6. Why was it easy to attack other cities on the Mesopotamian plains?
7. What defense plan is best to protect a city?
Mesopotamian villages helped each other by cleaning the silts in the water regularly. People also had to keep the water levels the same.
People who lived very far apart were connected to each other because of the irrigation system.
Many villages grew into towns and cities.
We called the region Sumer. The people were called the Sumerians.
One city could stop the water from reaching another city by building canals over it or just blocking it.
It was easy to attack other cities on the Mesopotamian plains because of the water usage. They were also very loyal to their own city.
Assignment 2-1
Answer the following questions and define the vocabulary (if any) clearly and with details on your wiki page.Use the links above from the Class Activityto help you answer the questions.
Event A: Food Shortage 1. What helped the human population to grow in Mesopotamia?
2. What does cultivate mean?
3. By 5000 B.C.E. what major problem did the farmers in the Zagros hills have?
4. Using the choices in the critical thinking section of the activity, what is the best way to deal with the food shortage? Why?
The increased food supply, sturdy shelters, and improved technology is what helped the human population to grow in Mesopotamia.
Cultivate means to grow.
The major problem was that they didn't have enough room to farm since there was a great population and if they can't grow their crops, they won't have enough food for their people.
A) Increase the number of times each year that farmers plant their crops
I think that that one is the best because if the people could just try to use as little space as possible, there would be more land for farming. If they plant more crops throughout the year, the more chances there are for food. Also, you don't have to do bad things such as stealing and everything. The bad thing about moving down the river plain is that there are unpredictable flooding. The bad thing about abandoning farming and just going back to hunting and gathering is that it is a big risk if you can't find food. Also, there is a larger population, so it will be much harder to find plentiful food. The bad thing about attacking neighbors is that you can lose lots of your people. Also, if the other people win, you're in big trouble. You might even lose even more food.
Event B: Uncontrolled Water Supply 1. What two major problems did farmers have as they tried to grow their crops on the Mesopotamian river plains?
2. How did they solve these problems?
3. Where did the melted snow that caused flooding come from?
One of the major problems was that the biggest floods happened when they planted their crops (which is in April). The other major problem was that in summer, the ground is so dry that it also ruins their crops.
They solved the problem by using their ability to control the water so there is enough all year around.
The melted snow came from the mountains.
Assignment 9 Now that we are finished with the Early Humans unit, I would like you to reflect on what you have learned about Early Humans. Please complete these sentences clearly and with specific details. Write the answers on your wiki page.
1. The single most important thing I learned was...
-I think the most important thing I learned was how agriculture started.
2. Something that confused me or that I didn't understand was...
-Something that confused me was some of the vocabulary we learned.
3. What surprised me the most was...
-What surprised me was that people didn't invent anything until just a couple thousands of years ago! (when we made the timeline of a total of 100,000 years)
4. I would like to know more about...
-I would like to know more about the history of Lucy.
5. The part that I think I will always remember was...
-The part that I think I will always remember is when we saw the Catal Huyuk video and one of the man did some kind of surgery to another man.
Assignment 8
Use these two videos about Catal Huyuk to answer these questions clearly and completely on your wiki page.
1. What are three things about daily life in Catal Huyuk that surprised you? Why did they surprise you?
-One thing that surprised me was that they made a hole in someone's head with a stone. It surprised me because I have never knew that someone thought about just opening someone's head with a rock. I also never thought that people would think that opening a head would help them live longer.
-Another thing that surprised me was how the homes looked in the inside. It surprised me because I thought it would just be plain. I never knew it would have much stuff. When I found out, it was very similar to some of our homes now without some technology and color.
-The last thing that surprised me was that Catal Huyuk ended up to be part of Turkey. It surprised me because I thought it would just disappear. I never knew it would turn out to be part of a country that people nowadays know.
2. What are three things about daily life in Catal Huyuk you knew already from class?
-One thing that I already knew from class was that they usually search for food and make homes in their daily lives.
-Another thing I knew was that farming was a huge change in there lives.
-The last thing I already knew was that they used stone tools.
3. Jookie is a 12 year old living in Catal Huyuk. Explain three ways her life is different than yours. (Note: Simply saying you have cell phones and she doesn't is an unacceptable answer.)
-One way her life is different from mine is that every day, she has to gather food. She as to search lots of places to find some berries, fruit, nuts, and etc. My life, we don't need to search for food. We just rely on money to buy food. All I do is go to a store or restaurant, order some food I want and eat it. After I finish, I could just pay for it.
-Another way her life is different from mine is the clothes we wear. She would wear animal pelt and fur. I would probably think that they would wear the same clothing until they are worn out. Also, I would probably think that they would wear the same kind of clothes whether it is winter or summer. If you ask me, I would wear different types of clothing throughout the year. If it is in the middle of winter, I would probably wear a turtleneck and thick pants with a thick coat over. If it was summer, I'd probably wear a short sleeve with some short pants.
-The last way her life is different from mine if the house. Most likely her house wouldn't have heated rooms in the winter or air conditioned rooms in the summer. She would just have to get to used the weather even though it is hard. Right now in my life, if it is too cold for me, I could just turn on the furnace and everything would a warm enough for me or if I was hot, I could just turn on the air conditioner and everything would be extremely cool.
Study Guide
Hominids and their Characteristics
Australopithecus-stood up and walked on two legs/means southern ape
Homo habilis-brain is half the size of modern humans/means handy man
Homo erectus-migrated out of Africa to Asia and Europe/means upright man
Homo sapiens-developed language/means wise man
Aspects of Daily life effects notes
-people went into more details
-people didn't have migrate to get food
food source...?
Vocabulary:
neo-new
paleo-old
lithic-"Stone Age"
agriculture-farming
archaeology-the study of past of what people have left behind
Time lines:
CE-common era
BCE-before the common era
c-circa
decade-10 years
millennium-1000 years
century-100 years
Other notes:
long ago, people used tools such as obsidian knives
we are changing the world
Assignment 7 Write 3 good test questions covering any of the topics we have studied so far. Answer these questions clearly and completely on your wiki page.
What was the main difference between life in the Paleolithic period and life in the Neolithic period?
How did people's lives change as they began to domesticate plants and animals during the Neolithic period?
What are some advantages and disadvantages of the changes in daily life that occurred as a result of the development of agriculture?
From the hominids, which one began to stand upright and walk on two legs?
What is another name for "Old Stone Age"?
How did agriculture start?
The main difference between life in the Paleolithic period and the Neolithic period is that people hunted and gathered for food and lived in animal skin tents. In the Neolithic period, people make their own food and live in like brick, concrete, clay, etc. buildings. Also, another important thing is that people developed how to farm.
People's lives changed as they began to domesticate plants and animals during the Neolithic period by people not having to hunt and gather for food. People can also settle down in one place.
An advantage is that people didn't have to migrate with the animals to hunt food. They could actually just settle in one place and just make their own food. Another advantage is that people don't have to worry about food. A disadvantage is that if the weather isn't good, you can't farm well. That's why people won't have good food to feed themselves. Another disadvantage is that if people don't have enough money, people can't buy food at stores or seeds for farming.
Assignment 6
Use your online textbook (p. 40 & p. 41) to answer these questions clearly and completely. Please put your answers on your wiki page.
1. Read the paragraph in the Beginnings of Agriculture section on p.40 and answer the question (How could this discovery change your life?).
Read The First Farmers and Plants section on p.41 and answer these questions:
2. What is another name for the New Stone Age?
3. What kinds of tools did people make during this time? What do you think they used these tools for?
4. In the textbook it says that people during the Neolithic period could now make fire. Which hominid would this be?
5. When we changed from gathering food to growing food, historians called it the Neolithic Revolution. Why do you think it's called a revolution?
6. What is the definition for the word 'domestication'?
7. Using the map on p.41, which animals were domesticated in Asia?
8. Using the map on p.41, where was corn first domesticated?
9. If you were a farmer, how would your life be different than a hunter and gatherer. Give three ways your life would be different.
The discovery could change my life big time!! I wouldn't always have to migrate to find food at the correct time of year!! Wow!! That would be just awesome!! Migrating is such a big job to do and is extremely tiring. My tribe could actually settle down in one place and plant even more things since we found that seeds grow into fruits.
Another name for the New Stone Age is the Neolithic Era.
They made tools like saws and drills. I think they are used cutting down big things like trees and used drills to make huge holes in the ground.
It would be the Homo erectus.
I think it is called a revolution because it is a new start.
Domestication is the process of changing plants or animals to make them more useful.
Horse, cattle, sheep, and goat were domesticated in Asia.
Corn was first domesticated in North America.
My life would be different that a hunter or gatherer because I make my own food and they hunt and gather for their food. Also, they always have to migrate with the animals and find good places with wild fruit, seeds, and nuts in whether to survive. The last reason is because hunters and gatherers have to risk their life in whether to get food, but farmers don't.
Assignment 5
Read pages 32-34 from your online textbook and answer these questions clearly and in complete sentences on your wiki page.
Why do historians need archaeologists and anthropologists to study prehistory?
What might have been one advantage of walking completely upright?
What kind of tools did people use during the Paleolithic Era?
Design a stone and wood tool you could use to help you with your chores. Describe your tool in a sentence or two.
What is a hunter-gatherer?
In your opinion, what was the most important change brought by the development of language?
Define the boldfaced words above.
Historians need archaeologists and anthropologists to study prehistory because if historians didn't have help from them, they wouldn't have any information to make theories and everything.
One advantage of walking completely upright is that you can use your arms and hand while walking or running.
People used spears and stones during the Paleolithic Era.
The wooden tool would have some straw on the bottom to help clean up the dust. It would be very similar to a broom. The stone tool would be very sharp to be able to cut things easily. It would be very similar to a knife.
A hunter-gatherer is a person who hunts animals and gathers wild plants, seeds, fruits, and nuts to survive.
In my opinion, I think that the most important change brought by the development of language is that people can do things quicker and better my communicating with one another. If you couldn't talk together, you couldn't really do anything.
prehistory-human history before recorded events
tools=an implement
Paleolithic Era=period of the old stone age
hunter-gatherer=a person who hunts animals and gathers wild plants, seeds, fruits, and nuts to survive
Assignment 4
Please read pages 29 & 30 from your online textbook and answer these questions clearly and in complete sentences on your wiki page.
1. On which continent were Lucy and other hominids found?
2. What is the scientific name of Lucy?
3. How long ago did Lucy live?
4. What was an important step in human development?
5. Describe and explain how these hominids are different from each other. Use the charts about the hominids on page 30 to help you with the answer.
Make sure your answer is clear and detailed.
Australopithecus
Homo habilis
Homo erectus
Homo sapiens
6. Which hominid are you?
Lucy and the other hominids were found in Africa.
The scientific name of Lucy is Australopithecus.
Lucy lived for more than three-million years ago.
An important step in human development is walking on two legs.
Australopithecus-It appeared in Africa about 4-5 million years ago, stood upright and walked on two legs, and it's brain was about one-third the size of modern humans.
Homo habilis-It appeared in Africa about 2.4 millions of years ago, used early stone tools for scraping and chopping, and it's brain was about half of the size of modern humans.
Homo erectus-It appeared in Africa about 2-1.5 million years ago, used early stone tools like the hand ax, learned how to use fire, and migrated from Africa to Asia and Europe.
Homo sapiens-It appeared in Africa about 200,000 thousands of years ago, migrated all around the world, learned how to create fire and use a variety of tools, developed language, and are the same species as human beings.
6. I am a Homo sapien.
Assignment 3
Answer the following questions on your wiki page.
1. What were your roles in the 'Creation of a Puppet Show' project?
2. What Problems did your group run into?
3. How did your group deal with these problems?
4. Identify two similarities between all of the origin stories.
5. Compare and Contrast any of the two origin stories presented in class (at least one paragraph).
My role was to be Zeus.
There were lots of problems our group ran into. One of my classmates told me that the we were going to perform the project on the next day while we were chatting online. I was so shocked because we didn't get much done. Also, we couldn't meet together, since our homes were very faraway from each other. Someone in my group was supposed to make their own puppet. Of course she agreed, but that day she didn't make a puppet. Also the next day, she still didn't make the puppet. Even though there was exactly two days before we had to perform, she still didn't make the puppet!!
We all did our own parts and all on our own since we couldn't meet each other and for the other problem, our group just gave up on her and asked another member from our group to make it.
All of the stories have a creator and they are all myths.
I am going to compare and contrast Egypt's origin story and Greek's origin story.
Egypt's origin story obviously took place in Egypt and Greek's origin story took place in Greece. Humans were created from Ra's tears while in Greece, people were created from clay. The conflict in Egypt's origin story is that the two companions got lost in the ocean. In the other origin story, the problem was that Epimetheus used all of the powers. Therefore, Prometheus gave humans a power which is forbidden to be taken away from heaven. Assignment 2
Just like the questions you were asked in class, please create five questions about the timeline we used in class. Write your questions and the answers on your wiki page.
How many decades are there between the pyramids that were built in Egypt and the creation of the 22-letter alphabet?
About how many centuries have passed since castles were built in Europe?
How many years are there between the start of building the Great Wall of China and the invention of paper in China?
Color TV was invented in 1950 CE, in which decade was it made?
Which one goes first: 23,450 BCE or 23,830 BC?
Answers:
There are 143 decades between the pyramids that were built in Egypt and the creation of the 22-letter alphabet.
It has been about 10 centuries since castles were built in Europe.
There are 326 years between the start of building the Great Wall of China and the invention of paper in China.
Coloe TV was invented in the "fifties".
23,830 BC goes first.
Assignment 1
Using your notes and page 4 from your online textbook, answer the following questions on your wiki page.
1. Were you born in a BCE year or an CE year?
2. Put the following dates in order: AD 2000, 3100 BC, 15 BCE, AD 476, AD 3, CE 1215
3. If you read that an event happened c. AD 1000, what would that mean? Type in the content of your page here.
I was born in a CE year.
3100 BC, 15 BCE, AD 3, AD 476, CE 1215, AD 2000
It would mean that people are not sure of the correct date.
Assignment 4-6
Source: Online Textbook pages 162-171Directions: You are a sage and you will teach your classmates a part of ancient India's history. The four parts (groups) are...
Each part has (or might have) pictures, illustrations, maps, dates, vocabulary words, and important people. Your job as a sage is to become an expert on your part so you will be able to comfortably and confidently teach others. Remember that if you don't understand the information, you won't be able to teach others properly. Follow these steps to become a great sage:
Steps
After completing your Understanding How Ashoka's Edicts Helped Unify India sheet answer the following comprehension questions:
1. What are the main ideas expressed in Ashoka's edicts? -The main ideas expressed in Ashoka's edicts is about how people should act and that people should all be treated equally.
2. What are some of the ways in which Ashoka's leadership promoted unity in India? -He made laws for the people to follow and there was always a punishment for those who did the wrong thing.
3. In what ways did Ashoka's Buddhist beliefs contribute to the unification of India? -He didn't make his people go through such bloody wars. Also, he wrote on his edicts for the people to act morally and responsibly toward one another.
4. In addition to the edicts, what else might have contributed to the unification of India during this time period? -Besides the edicts, the religion has unified India.
5. Explain how one of the edicts you examined could be categorized another way
(i.e. instead of Buddhist Values it could also concern Justice) -One of the edicts could be put into Buddhist Values instead of security because it talks what Ashoka's desire is. His desire is that he wants to keep his people safe or at least feel safe.
My Illustrated Ramayana Poem
Assignment 4-5
Creating an Illustrated Ramayana Poem
Assignment 4-5
Website: India-Government
Use the website above and what you have learned in class so far to answer these questions about the early Indus River Governments.
1. Why would having a central government help in planning and organizing a city?
A: A central government would help in planning and organizing a city because there is someone that can make changes and control. If there was no central government, then everyone would be fighting and it would only bring chaos. Also, just the regular citizens can help out by suggesting ideas so that they can plan and organize a city more better.
2. Who were Rajahs?
A: The Rajahs were the rulers of the cities.
3. What is a Guru?
A: A Guru is a type of teacher.
4. What subjects were taught in school?
A: The subjects that were taught in school was religious nature. That included government and religion.
5. Who was in charge of the government?
A: The Indus priests were in charge of the government.
6. Why did people look up to the priests?
A: The people look up to the priests because they are the highest from the social levels and give offerings to the Gods.
Assignment 4-1
Source: IndiaSubcontinentMapTrans.jpg
Directions: Look at the map above, read the text below, and answer the following questions on your wiki page:
In the 1990's, satellite pictures revealed an ancient, dried riverbed located in India's present-day Thar Desert. Geologists have identified this riverbed as the route of the ancient Sarasvati River. The Sarasvati lay east of the Indus River and generally followed the same course, originating in the Himalaya mountains and emptying into the Arabian Sea. Geologists believe that the Sarasvati River dried up around 1900 B.C.E. Over time, the once fertile area around the Sarasvati River dried up around 1900 B.C.E. Over time, the once fertile area around the Sarasvati evolved into the dry, hot desert that exists today.
Early Indian agricultural settlements arose in the Indus-Sarasvati river region at least as far back as 6500 B.C.E. Like many other ancient peoples, the early Indians settled by rivers. They settled primarily on the banks of the Sarasvati River as well as along the banks of the Indus River. These rivers provided the ancient Indians with plenty of water, and the land near the rivers was fertile and excellent for growing crops. The rivers also provided the Indians with a convenient way to travel and trade among themselves and with other civilizations. Archeologists have found artifacts from the Indus-Sarasvati civilization - such as carved seals - in Mesopotamia's Sumer. These discoveries have led scholars to believe that the early Indians traded with Mesopotamia, possibly by traveling in ships down the Indus and Sarasvati rivers to the Arabian Sea and then west to Sumer and other locations.
After the Sarasvati River dried up around 1900 B.C.E., the Indus-Sarasvati Indians moved to more habitable areas, such as the fertile banks of the Ganga river further east. Archeological evidence shows, however, that people settled by the Ganga River as far back as 5000 B.C.E.
Questions:
1. In what ways is your map similar to the one that you see in the map above?
A: Firstly and mainly, the Hindu Kush Mountains, Himalayas, Deccan Plateau, Thar Desert, Western Ghats, Eastern Ghats, Bay of Bengal, Indian Ocean, Arabian Sea, Brahmaputra River, Indus River, and Ganga River are included on both maps.
2. What physiographic features can you identify on this map that are not on your map?
A: On this map, there are a lot more rivers in the Indian subcontinent. Also, there are a lot more mountains than we have on our maps. Another physiographic feature that is on the map are the settlements of people. We did not include that even though we talked about it.
3. Why do you think settlements developed along the Indus and Sarasvati rivers? Explain with clear and complete details.
A: I think that settlements developed along the Indus and Sarasvati Rivers because they have very fertile land which is helpful for farming. Also, if you settle by rivers, you have great access to trade. You can just flow down the river and into the ocean where you can choose where to go. Another reason I think settlements developed along those rivers is that you have abundant water. Water is very important to your body.
4. Accurately draw and label the ancient Sarasvati River on your map.
5. Why did ancient Indian people eventually migrate to the Ganga River?A: Ancient Indian people eventually migrated to the Ganga River because the Sarasvati River dried up. They used the river to travel down with ships to the Arabian Sea and west to Sumer and other locations. Therefore, they moved to places that were more habitable such as the fertile banks of the Ganga River.
Assignment 4-2
Website: Indus Valley
Use the website above to answer these questions. Write your answers in complete sentences with clear details on your wiki page.
1. What was discovered during the excavations of Mohenjo-Daro?
-A big mound with discovered buildings also known as the Citadel, Lower town which had buildings and streets as if planned, and First street which seemed to be the longest and widest street.
2. How is Mohenjo-Daro similar to our cities today?
-Mohenjo-Daro is similar to our cities today because they use bricks to build houses. Even though we don't use mud for bricks anymore both cities used bricks to build houses. Also, they lived in houses like we do today. They also had windows and doors and drains to take away the dirty, used water. There was both small and large houses. In Mohenjo-Daro, there were wells like some places still do. Drains were also found in Mohenjo-Daro. Drains are found in all over the world nowadays. There were even people who worked to unclog the drains.
3. What can we learn from archaeological discoveries (such as artifacts and city construction) in Mohenjo-Daro?
-We can learn that they were extremely advanced compared to other places at that time. There were people with different jobs. Some were craft makers. They made crafts such as jewelry which included necklaces. Those necklaces were made from stone beads. Gold was very valuable then. Another thing in Mohenjo-Daro was that people wrote lot of their impressions on seals. People made models from terracotta which was cheap and plentiful. Children played with the small models. In Mohenjo-Daro they used weights made from carved stone. They used the smallest weights for precious goods like gold or beads and the largest weights for sacks of grain. Figurines are usually made from terracotta which is clay.
4. Give clear and specific information about how people lived in Mohenjo-Daro. In your answer, you have to talk about the artifacts that you discovered and put into the museum.
-I think the rich people lived much more happier than the poor people because they had jewelry, games, figurines for decoration, and etc. but the poor people cannot afford all those. From what they earn as a profit is only able to feed their family or maybe slightly more.
5. What do we know about the Priest-King?
-He is a sculpture that we think was a ruler that may have been an important man or priest. There are gold headbands with a circular ornament in the middle. One is wrapped around his forehead and another is wrapped around his arm. The sculpture's eyes have been deeply carved into the stone. The archaeologists think there might have been carved shells set into them.
6. What was the Great Bath and how was it used?
-The Great Bath was a rectangular public bathing pool built with waterproofed bricks. It was surrounded with lots of dressing rooms. There was a 6-foot drain for the used water to be removed. The Great Bath was also used for hygienic purposes and (as archaeologists think) religious rituals.
Assignment 4-3
Source:
Think about the activity we did in class as archeologists in Mohenjo-Daro. Using the source above, your ideas, and the notes you took about archeologists ideas, answer the following questions clearly and completely on your wiki page. Each answer should be at least two sentences long with specific information.
1. What have you learned about daily life in Mohenjo-Daro from this activity?
A: I learned that the daily life in Mohenjo-Daro was was very advanced. The house were lined in a very organized way, they used weights for trading and selling goods, played games, wrote on seals, wore colorful jewelry, had a well for their drinking water, a public bathing pool, and probably domesticated animals.
2. Which characteristics of civilization do you see represented in the artifacts you looked at? Explain.
A: The characteristics I see represented in the artifacts is a stable food supply, people performing different jobs, a highly developed culture, and a religious system. From the artifacts, I know they have a stable food supply because they farmed. Those farm goods were believed that they were transported to the city market to be sold. In Mohenjo-Daro, people performed different jobs. There were people who made jewelry, constructed, merchandised, traded, and etc. Also, Mohenjo-Daro had a highly developed culture. They were very advanced in art, architecture, writing and etc. Lastly, there was a religious system. We could tell because sometimes the Great Bath was used for religious rituals. Not just that but some seals were written for the Gods.
3. In what ways do you think Mohenjo-Daro was like a modern city?
A: Mohenjo-Daro was like a modern city in many ways. First of all, it was believed that they had domesticated animals. Not just that, but they also farmed. With the food they produced, they bring those to the city market and start selling. The people also used weights and scales to measure their goods before selling. Lots of people had different jobs such as making jewelry and selling trade goods with other regions. The houses were very well lined up and because they were, the streets were right angled and organized.
4. Why do you think it is difficult for us to know exactly what life was like in ancient civilizations like those in the Indus-Sarasvati region?
A: I think it is difficult for us to know exactly what life was like because of the language. Since we aren't 100% sure of it, we can't identify some information that has been found and understand their life back then.
5. What do you think might have contributed to the decline of Mohenjo-Daro?
A: I think invaders might have contributed to the decline of Mohenjo-Daro. Besides that, maybe some natural disasters might have contributed to the decline.
1. What have you learned about daily life in Mohenjo-Daro from this activity?
-I learned that in Mohenjo-Daro, poor people usually spent most of their time laboring to feed their family. The middle-class, such as the traders and merchandisers, would've spent most of their time going out to trade. Even though they had more money than the lower-class, it wasn't the best. In the high-class, people would've mostly spent their time buying and trying on jewelry. Also, they could just have fun by playing some games.
2. Which aspects of daily life do you see represented in the picture that the artist drew?
-In the picture, I could see people trading, laboring, and merchandising on the streets.
3. In what ways do you think Mohenjo-Daro was like a modern city?
-The architecture, such as houses, were modernized along with drains, streets, and wells. The city was well organized with lined two-story houses with windows which had screens on them. The houses also had indoor bathrooms drained into the main sewer system.
4. Why do you think it is difficult for us to know exactly what life was like in ancient civilizations like those in the Indus-Sarasvati region?
-It is difficult for us to know exactly because we haven't yet learned how to read their language. Therefore, we cannot really understand their life back then.
5. What do you think might have contributed to the decline of Mohenjo-Daro?
-I think that the city of Mohenjo-Daro ended because of invaders destroying it. It was whether that or some harsh natural disasters such as floods, earthquakes, and etc.
Assignment 3-8
Now that we are finished with the ancient Egypt unit, I would like you to reflect on what you have learned about ancient Egypt. Please complete these sentences clearly and with specific details. Write the answers on your wiki page. If you need reminders of what we did, just scroll through the assignments on this page or look through your notes.1. The single most important thing I learned was...
One most important thing I learned was about the Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms along with the Pharaohs who ruled at those times.
2. Something that confused me or that I didn't understand was...
I didn't really understand why pharaohs would marry their own sister or brother.
3. What surprised me the most was...
The thing that surprised me the most was that Ramesses the Great had lived into his eighties and had more than 100 wives/children.
4. I would like to know more about...
I would like to know more about
5. The part that I think I will always remember was...
I think I will always remember the pharaohs and the importance of them. Such as Hatshepsut <one of the few woman rulers>, Akhenaten <the ruler who only worshiped Aten>, Djoser <the pharaoh who built the first step pyramid>, and etc.
Assignment 3-5
Read the information here about the three kingdoms in ancient Egypt. The problem with these three paragraphs is that each paragraph does not have specific details or evidence. Your task is to find specific details and evidence from our textbook for the information presented in each paragraph about each kingdom. Then re-write the paragraph adding the new specific details and evidence you found. Write the new paragraph on your wiki page. Grade each paragraph for quality:4=outstanding work, detailed, correct and above the call of duty
3=very good work, completes assignment, is above average
2=completes assignment correctly, average work
1=does not complete assignment, needs work
0=does not follow directions, assignment missing
Part 1
The Old Kingdom (2700 BCE - 2200 BCE)
Specific details and evidence about this kingdom can be found on pages 98-100 in our textbook.
Your specific details and evidence should give more information about...
ORIGINAL PARAGRAPHS:
The Old Kingdom (2700 BCE-2200 BCE): Pharaohs had absolute power and were considered gods on earth. But that's not why this kingdom is nicknamed "The Pyramid Age". Pharaohs were buried in pyramids only during this time period in history. After building a few pyramids, at great expense to the state, it occurred to pharaohs that pyramids were rather easy to spot, and thus, much easier to rob than a hidden tomb. Things changed during the middle kingdom.MY PARAGRAPH:
Pharaohs were an extremely important part of Egyptian history. They didn't just rule as kings, but as gods also. The Old Kingdom was the only time period that the pharaohs were buried in the pyramids. That's why it was called the Pyramid Age. A pyramid is just a large, stone tomb that has four sides shaped like a triangle and meet at the top. One extraordinary pyramid was The Pyramid of Khufu. It is the largest pyramid ever made. It covers over 13 acres and is 481 feet high. In whether to make this, it took thousands of workers an extreme amount of limestone blocks. For each pyramid to be made, thousands of people had to work for decades on the same project. The workers that built those kind of projects were given goods as their "money". The pyramids were very important and were not made just for anyone. The pharaoh's pyramid symbolized them going on their journey to the afterlife. The pharaoh's spirit had to be good and peaceful in whether for every one else the have a wonderful afterlife. (3)
Part 2
The Middle Kingdom (2100 BCE - 1800 BCE)
Specific details and evidence about this kingdom can be found on pages 101-102 in our textbook.
Your specific details and evidence should give more information about...
ORIGINAL PARAGRAPH:
The Middle Kingdom (2100 BCE-1800 BCE): The middle kingdom was Egypt's Golden Age. Trade flourished, arts and literature flourished. Egypt built strong armies to defend herself against her neighbors. During the time period of the middle kingdom, pharaohs were expected to be good kings and wise rulers. And pharaohs were buried in hidden tombs, all over the place. Most probably, there are tombs yet to be discovered because they were hidden so well.MY PARAGRAPH:
Between the Old Kingdom and the Middle Kingdom, there were huge differences. First of all, in the Middle Kingdom, trade, art, literature, and armies all improved a lot. By this time, Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt were united as one. The pharaohs couldn't collect enough taxes for the pyramids. Also, the people became wiser and hid the pharaoh's tombs very carefully. Therefore, it is even hard for the people nowadays to search for them. Near the end of the Middle Kingdom, things started to fall apart. As in, the Hyksos started trying to conquer over Egypt. They actually won and ruled Lower Egypt for a while. But then the Egyptians fought them and won. Therefore, Lower Egypt were in the hands of the Egyptians again. While they were in the hands of the Egyptians, Ahmose was the one who ruled. (3)
Part 3
The New Kingdom (1500 BCE - 1000 BCE)
Specific details and evidence about this kingdom can be found on pages 101-102 in our textbook.
Your specific details and evidence should give more information about...
ORIGINAL PARAGRAPH:
The New Kingdom (1500 BCE-1000 BCE): The new kingdom was Egypt's expansion period. Egypt expanded her borders through military conquest and became a world power. During the time period of the new kingdom, pharaohs were all powerful, and pharaohs were all buried in the same geographic area called the Valley of the Kings.
MY PARAGRAPH:
The New Kingdom was when Egypt was at its most powerful and glory point. After the war with the Hyksos, they were worried something like that would happen again. Therefore, the leaders of Egypt had made it into an empire. After they did that, they went and started conquering other empires. The empires they conquered were the Hyksos, Syria, the whole eastern shore of the Mediterranean, Kush, and all of southern Egypt. Because of the military conquests, the Egyptian pharaoh was very rich. He was sent gold, leopard skins, precious stones, and etc. Also, the other kings sent him very special gifts for their relation to be better. Also, because of the conquests, the trades were extremely better since they were closer with the other empires. The trade routes they used to go trade were developed and were much better than before. Later, when the King Ramses ruled, there were huge and violent wars that went on with the Hittites. As soon as the pharaoh died, everything started falling apart. They lost once, but won them little later. But later, it finally came to a real end. Egypt couldn't fight them anymore. (3)
Assignment 3-4
Part 1: Go to this site and read about the different Egyptian gods and goddesses. Choose one of these that you would like to be and explain why you would like to be that god or goddess. Then choose one that you would not want to be and explain why. Make sure your explanations are middle school quality explanations.Part 2: Compare these Egyptian gods and goddesses with the Mesopotamian gods and goddesses. Did you find similar gods? Name the gods/goddesses and clearly explain the similarities? Why do you think they are similar even though Egypt and the Mesopotamian civilizations were different?
Part 1: I would like to be Bastet, the goddess of protection because people would look up to me to be safe. If they went through something safely, they would thank me and bless me. It would be good to be praised. The one I would not like to be is Anubis. Why?? It's because he embalms the dead. Which is the process of mummification. You have to smash up the brain and take it out of the nose. Also, you have to take out all of the moisture out and etc. It is sort of gross to be the one who is doing the process on someone.
Part 2: Two similar gods were Horus and Anu. They are both the gods of the sky. They didn't have much similarities though... The only similarity was that they were both the sky gods. Because Horus was the protector of Egypt's ruler and Anu was the supreme ruler of all the gods. I think they were similar in ways because MAYBE the lands were close together. Therefore, Egypt and Mesopotamia were kind of close and shared some similarities which included their religion. Those kind of religions have to have a sky god (Horus & Anu), sun god, and etc.
Assignment 3-3
Source: How to Mummify NefermaatDirections: Go to the link above to mummify a body. As you work to mummify the body, answer the following questions clearly and with details on your wiki page.
Assignment 3-2
Source: Pages 93 & 94 in your online textbook and refer to your river boat tour notesDirections: Answer the following questions clearly and with details on your wiki page.
1. Read the If YOU were there section. How do you feel about working for the pharaoh?
2. Eventually the Third Dynasty began in ancient Egypt. The Third Dynasty was the beginning of what historians call ............. . When did it start and end?
3. Explain how ancient Egyptians felt about their country and their pharaoh.
4. What were the responsibilities of the pharaoh?
5. What is best known about the famous pharaoh, Khufu? Can you name a specific monument built for him?
6.a Clearly explain the structure of society in the Old Kingdom. (Note: This should be a long answer.)
6.b. What may be some advantages and disadvantages of such a large segment of the population being farmers, servants, and slaves?
6.c. What did farmers do during flood season?
7. Clearly explain trading in ancient Egypt (what was traded and who they traded with).
8. Define the word acquire. Use acquire in an original sentence.
9. Using the drawing of Egyptian society on page 94, explain where Viziers would be placed?
- I would be extremely tired. Also, I would try my hardest because if I mess up, then the pharaoh's afterlife wouldn't be happy. Therefore, I will have bad luck.
- The Third Dynasty was the beginning of what historians call the Old Kingdom. It started in 2700 BCE 2200 BCE.
- The Egyptians felt like the pharaoh was their god. Therefore, they believed in him for good crops and everything. If something went wrong, they would blame it all on him.
- Pharaohs were both king and god. Therefore, they had to bring his/her people healthiness, good crops, no wars, good trades, and etc.
- Khufu was best known for his monuments. A specific monument built for him was the Great Pyramid.
- (a) The pharaoh had the highest position and had the responsibility of his people. He ruled as king and god. Then, there were the nobles which were priests and officials to help run the temples and government of the empire. After that, there were the scribes and craftspeople. The scribes wrote and recorded on tablets and the craftspeople made fine goods. Last but not least, there were the farmers, servants, and slaves. These were the lowest position but yet the largest group. The lower the position, the bigger the group. The higher the position, the less.
6. (b) An advantage could be that there are a lot of them so that they don't have to do all of the work. A disadvantage is that they are not known, can't learn, and is less likely to get a promotion even though they work EXTREMELY hard and do well.6. (c) The farmers worked on the pharaoh's building projects when the flood season comes.
7. Egypt went to Nubia to trade for their gold, copper, ivory, slaves and stone. They also went to Syria to trade for their wood.
8. acquire-to get sen: I tried to go to my grandma's house in whether to acquire the recipe for pecan pie.
9. The viziers would be placed right below the pharaoh because he/she advises the pharaoh.
Assignment 3-1
Sources:
Directions:
1. Represent and label the Nile’s Sixth Cataract to the First Cataract.
2. Label the Red Sea.
3. Represent three mines and three quarries. Provide an image and a description for each mine and quarry.
4. Represent and label these historic sites: the Valley of the Kings, the Great Pyramid of Khufu, the Sphinx, Abu Simbel, the Pharos (lighthouse in the port of Alexandria), the Bahriya Oasis and the Farafra oasis (include palm trees). Provide an image and a description for each historic site.
5. Mark these cities: Abydos, Thebes, Giza, Hermopolis, Memphis, Bubastis, Rosetta, Alexandria, Meroe, Khartoum, and Elephantine
6. Label these geographical features: the Western Desert, the Eastern Desert, the Nile Delta (include animals found here), the Sinai Peninsula, the Wadi el-Natrun, the Mediterranean Sea, the Gulf of Suez, the Nubian Desert. Include animals of the desert. Provide an image and a description for each geographical feature.
7. Label Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt.
Assignment 2-8
Source: Read pages 76 and 77 in your online textbookDirections: Review Pages 76-77 and choose one of the groups below. Research the group you have chosen (two links are provided for each already) and complete The Characteristics of Civilization Chart for the civilization you have chosen. Write clear and detailed answers in the chart, on your wiki page.
Characteristics of Civilization
Civilization Name:
Six Characteristics of Civilization
Evidence for Characteristic
Explanation
Assyrians
http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/westasia/history/assyrians.htmhttp://ancienthistory.about.com/cs/egypt/a/assyriaintro.htm
Hittites
http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/MESO/HITTITES.HTMhttp://www.historyforkids.org/learn/westasia/history/hittites.htm
Chaldeans
http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/prehistory/middle_east/nebuchadnezzar.htmlhttp://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/MESO/CHALDEAN.HTM
Assignment 2-7
Source: Read pages 74 and 75 in your online textbookDirections: Read the questions/directions carefully and write clear and detailed answers on your wiki page.
1. Read the "If you were there..." section on page 74. How will you advise the King?
2. What happened to Ur by 2000 BCE?
3. Where was Babylon located?
4. Who became the king of Babylon? When did he become king?
5. What is a monarch?
6. After conquering all of Mesopotamia, what did Hammurabi call his empire?
7. Hammurabi was a great warrior and leader. What other skills did he have?
8. What is Hammurabi's Code? What areas of daily life did the code cover?
9. Give two reasons why Hammurabi's Code was important.
10. What eventually happened to the Babylonian Empire? How is this similar to what happened to the Akkadian Empire?
11. Read the different laws in the Code of Hammurabi on this site and choose three that you think are interesting. Copy the three laws and their numbers onto your page. Then for each law, explain why you think it's interesting. You can write about if you disagree or agree with the law or if you think the law is a good law or a cruel law.
Assignment 2-6
After playing the Trader's Circuit, answer the following questions in complete sentences on your page. You can copy and paste these questions into your page. Then copy and paste your questions and answers onto your discussion tab. Then go to the discussion tabs of at least three other classmates and make good quality middle school comments about your classmates answers to the questions about the Trader's Circuit game. You can make comments to your classmates like if you agree or disagree or comments about how good their answers and ideas are.Trader's Circuit questions
1. What part of the game did you like the best? Why?
2. During the game, how did you feel and why did you feel that way?
3. What part of the game was difficult for you?
4. In your opinion, what advantage is there to having a monopoly of an entire product/resource such as dates or jewelry?
5. What part of the game would you change if you played it again? Why?
6. In this game, was it better to cooperate with another player or to be selfish and try to get all the products/resources for yourself? Why?
I think it is better to be selfish in the traders circuit, because if you are alone you don't have to share.
- callum
Assignment 2-5
Use your online textbook pages 63 & 64 to answer these questions clearly and with details on your wiki page. Make sure to look through the whole page in your textbook and the links for the vocabulary when answering some of the questions.Assignment 2-4
Using The Six Characteristics of a Civilization (see below), answer the following questions clearly and with details on your wiki page.
1. Is Korea/ the U.S. a civilization according to the six characteristics explained in class? Provide one example from Korea/the U.S. for each characteristic.2. Does a civilization, in your opinion, need to have all of the characteristics mentioned? Why or why not?
The Six Characteristics of a Civilization:
1. A system of government that directs and controls some actions of the members of the society.
2. A regular food supply that is not likely to suddenly change.
3. Specialization of labor, in which members of the society perform different jobs.
4. Different social levels, in which some members of the society are given higher status than others.
5. A highly developed culture including art, architecture, music, literature, science, and writing.
6. A religious system, which might include priests and temples.
Assignment 2-3
Please read pages 56-59 from your online textbook and answer these questions clearly and in complete sentences on your wiki page.
1. How did the Fertile Crescent get its name?
2. What was the most important factor in making Mesopotamia's farmland fertile?
3. In what ways did a Division of Labor contribute to the growth of Mesopotamiam civilization?
4. How might running large projects like the maintaining a large and complex irrigation system prepare people for running a government?
Assignment 2-2
Answer the following questions and define the vocabulary (if any) clearly and with details on your wiki page. Use the links above from the In Class Activity 2-1 called Event C: Building and Maintaining a Complex Irrigation System & Event D: Attacks by Neighboring Communities to help you answer the questions.
Event C: Building and Maintaining a Complex Irrigation System
1. What was the first simple method farmers used to get water to their fields from the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers?
2. How did farmers prevent flooding?
3. Over time, carrying buckets of water to the fields was too difficult. Please clearly explain how levees, canals, dams, and reservoirs were used to make life easier for farmers?
4. Which word means an extra supply of something such as food?
5. What could happen if one canal was clogged?
6. How did different villages take care of the complex irrigation system?
Event D: Attacks by Neighboring Communities
1. How did Mesopotamian villages help each other?
2. How were people, who lived very far apart, connected to each other?
3. What did many villages grow into?
4. What do we call the region in Mesopotamia that had many growing cities and towns? What are the people called that come from this region?
5. How could one city stop the water from reaching another city?
6. Why was it easy to attack other cities on the Mesopotamian plains?
7. What defense plan is best to protect a city?
Assignment 2-1
Answer the following questions and define the vocabulary (if any) clearly and with details on your wiki page. Use the links above from the Class Activity to help you answer the questions.
Event A: Food Shortage
1. What helped the human population to grow in Mesopotamia?
2. What does cultivate mean?
3. By 5000 B.C.E. what major problem did the farmers in the Zagros hills have?
4. Using the choices in the critical thinking section of the activity, what is the best way to deal with the food shortage? Why?
- The increased food supply, sturdy shelters, and improved technology is what helped the human population to grow in Mesopotamia.
- Cultivate means to grow.
- The major problem was that they didn't have enough room to farm since there was a great population and if they can't grow their crops, they won't have enough food for their people.
- A) Increase the number of times each year that farmers plant their crops
I think that that one is the best because if the people could just try to use as little space as possible, there would be more land for farming. If they plant more crops throughout the year, the more chances there are for food. Also, you don't have to do bad things such as stealing and everything. The bad thing about moving down the river plain is that there are unpredictable flooding. The bad thing about abandoning farming and just going back to hunting and gathering is that it is a big risk if you can't find food. Also, there is a larger population, so it will be much harder to find plentiful food. The bad thing about attacking neighbors is that you can lose lots of your people. Also, if the other people win, you're in big trouble. You might even lose even more food.Event B: Uncontrolled Water Supply
1. What two major problems did farmers have as they tried to grow their crops on the Mesopotamian river plains?
2. How did they solve these problems?
3. Where did the melted snow that caused flooding come from?
Assignment 9
Now that we are finished with the Early Humans unit, I would like you to reflect on what you have learned about Early Humans. Please complete these sentences clearly and with specific details. Write the answers on your wiki page.
1. The single most important thing I learned was...
-I think the most important thing I learned was how agriculture started.
2. Something that confused me or that I didn't understand was...
-Something that confused me was some of the vocabulary we learned.
3. What surprised me the most was...
-What surprised me was that people didn't invent anything until just a couple thousands of years ago! (when we made the timeline of a total of 100,000 years)
4. I would like to know more about...
-I would like to know more about the history of Lucy.
5. The part that I think I will always remember was...
-The part that I think I will always remember is when we saw the Catal Huyuk video and one of the man did some kind of surgery to another man.
Assignment 8
Use these two videos about Catal Huyuk to answer these questions clearly and completely on your wiki page.- Catal Huyuk video 1
- Catal Huyuk video 2
1. What are three things about daily life in Catal Huyuk that surprised you? Why did they surprise you?-One thing that surprised me was that they made a hole in someone's head with a stone. It surprised me because I have never knew that someone thought about just opening someone's head with a rock. I also never thought that people would think that opening a head would help them live longer.
-Another thing that surprised me was how the homes looked in the inside. It surprised me because I thought it would just be plain. I never knew it would have much stuff. When I found out, it was very similar to some of our homes now without some technology and color.
-The last thing that surprised me was that Catal Huyuk ended up to be part of Turkey. It surprised me because I thought it would just disappear. I never knew it would turn out to be part of a country that people nowadays know.
2. What are three things about daily life in Catal Huyuk you knew already from class?
-One thing that I already knew from class was that they usually search for food and make homes in their daily lives.
-Another thing I knew was that farming was a huge change in there lives.
-The last thing I already knew was that they used stone tools.
3. Jookie is a 12 year old living in Catal Huyuk. Explain three ways her life is different than yours. (Note: Simply saying you have cell phones and she doesn't is an unacceptable answer.)
-One way her life is different from mine is that every day, she has to gather food. She as to search lots of places to find some berries, fruit, nuts, and etc. My life, we don't need to search for food. We just rely on money to buy food. All I do is go to a store or restaurant, order some food I want and eat it. After I finish, I could just pay for it.
-Another way her life is different from mine is the clothes we wear. She would wear animal pelt and fur. I would probably think that they would wear the same clothing until they are worn out. Also, I would probably think that they would wear the same kind of clothes whether it is winter or summer. If you ask me, I would wear different types of clothing throughout the year. If it is in the middle of winter, I would probably wear a turtleneck and thick pants with a thick coat over. If it was summer, I'd probably wear a short sleeve with some short pants.
-The last way her life is different from mine if the house. Most likely her house wouldn't have heated rooms in the winter or air conditioned rooms in the summer. She would just have to get to used the weather even though it is hard. Right now in my life, if it is too cold for me, I could just turn on the furnace and everything would a warm enough for me or if I was hot, I could just turn on the air conditioner and everything would be extremely cool.
Study Guide
Hominids and their Characteristics
Australopithecus-stood up and walked on two legs/means southern apeHomo habilis-brain is half the size of modern humans/means handy man
Homo erectus-migrated out of Africa to Asia and Europe/means upright man
Homo sapiens-developed language/means wise man
Aspects of Daily life effects notes
-people went into more details-people didn't have migrate to get food
food source...?
Vocabulary:
neo-newpaleo-old
lithic-"Stone Age"
agriculture-farming
archaeology-the study of past of what people have left behind
Time lines:
CE-common eraBCE-before the common era
c-circa
decade-10 years
millennium-1000 years
century-100 years
Other notes:
Assignment 7
Write 3 good test questions covering any of the topics we have studied so far. Answer these questions clearly and completely on your wiki page.
Assignment 6
Use your online textbook (p. 40 & p. 41) to answer these questions clearly and completely. Please put your answers on your wiki page.1. Read the paragraph in the Beginnings of Agriculture section on p.40 and answer the question (How could this discovery change your life?).
Read The First Farmers and Plants section on p.41 and answer these questions:
2. What is another name for the New Stone Age?
3. What kinds of tools did people make during this time? What do you think they used these tools for?
4. In the textbook it says that people during the Neolithic period could now make fire. Which hominid would this be?
5. When we changed from gathering food to growing food, historians called it the Neolithic Revolution. Why do you think it's called a revolution?
6. What is the definition for the word 'domestication'?
7. Using the map on p.41, which animals were domesticated in Asia?
8. Using the map on p.41, where was corn first domesticated?
9. If you were a farmer, how would your life be different than a hunter and gatherer. Give three ways your life would be different.
Assignment 5
Read pages 32-34 from your online textbook and answer these questions clearly and in complete sentences on your wiki page.
Assignment 4
Please read pages 29 & 30 from your online textbook and answer these questions clearly and in complete sentences on your wiki page.
1. On which continent were Lucy and other hominids found?
2. What is the scientific name of Lucy?
3. How long ago did Lucy live?
4. What was an important step in human development?
5. Describe and explain how these hominids are different from each other. Use the charts about the hominids on page 30 to help you with the answer.
Make sure your answer is clear and detailed.
6. Which hominid are you?
- Homo habilis-It appeared in Africa about 2.4 millions of years ago, used early stone tools for scraping and chopping, and it's brain was about half of the size of modern humans.
- Homo erectus-It appeared in Africa about 2-1.5 million years ago, used early stone tools like the hand ax, learned how to use fire, and migrated from Africa to Asia and Europe.
- Homo sapiens-It appeared in Africa about 200,000 thousands of years ago, migrated all around the world, learned how to create fire and use a variety of tools, developed language, and are the same species as human beings.
6. I am a Homo sapien.Assignment 3
Answer the following questions on your wiki page.1. What were your roles in the 'Creation of a Puppet Show' project?
2. What Problems did your group run into?
3. How did your group deal with these problems?
4. Identify two similarities between all of the origin stories.
5. Compare and Contrast any of the two origin stories presented in class (at least one paragraph).
- My role was to be Zeus.
- There were lots of problems our group ran into. One of my classmates told me that the we were going to perform the project on the next day while we were chatting online. I was so shocked because we didn't get much done. Also, we couldn't meet together, since our homes were very faraway from each other. Someone in my group was supposed to make their own puppet. Of course she agreed, but that day she didn't make a puppet. Also the next day, she still didn't make the puppet. Even though there was exactly two days before we had to perform, she still didn't make the puppet!!
- We all did our own parts and all on our own since we couldn't meet each other and for the other problem, our group just gave up on her and asked another member from our group to make it.
- All of the stories have a creator and they are all myths.
- I am going to compare and contrast Egypt's origin story and Greek's origin story.
Egypt's origin story obviously took place in Egypt and Greek's origin story took place in Greece. Humans were created from Ra's tears while in Greece, people were created from clay. The conflict in Egypt's origin story is that the two companions got lost in the ocean. In the other origin story, the problem was that Epimetheus used all of the powers. Therefore, Prometheus gave humans a power which is forbidden to be taken away from heaven.Assignment 2
Just like the questions you were asked in class, please create five questions about the timeline we used in class. Write your questions and the answers on your wiki page.
- How many decades are there between the pyramids that were built in Egypt and the creation of the 22-letter alphabet?
- About how many centuries have passed since castles were built in Europe?
- How many years are there between the start of building the Great Wall of China and the invention of paper in China?
- Color TV was invented in 1950 CE, in which decade was it made?
- Which one goes first: 23,450 BCE or 23,830 BC?
Answers:
Assignment 1Using your notes and page 4 from your online textbook, answer the following questions on your wiki page.
1. Were you born in a BCE year or an CE year?
2. Put the following dates in order: AD 2000, 3100 BC, 15 BCE, AD 476, AD 3, CE 1215
3. If you read that an event happened c. AD 1000, what would that mean? Type in the content of your page here.